Why Are Oceans Important? (16 Reasons)

Oceans are a whirlpool of fascinating paradoxes. They’re calming yet violent, stunningly beautiful yet terrifyingly deep, filled with life yet often devoid of light. They govern our climate, drive our weather, and act as a global conveyor belt for heat and nutrients.

Our oceans are home to a dazzling array of creatures, from microscopic plankton to the huge blue whale—the largest animal ever discovered! They also shelter mystifying undersea mountains and valleys, otherworldly hydrothermal vents, and eerie shipwrecks that whisper tales of human history.

An understanding of the oceans is not merely an exploration of marine life or a thrilling adventure; it’s a journey into the very heart of our planet, a study of our past, and a guide to our sustainable future. 

Dive into the depths of the oceans, and let’s unveil their importance, one ripple at a time!

The Oceans as Earth’s Life Support System

Role in Oxygen Production

When we think of oxygen production, our minds naturally lean toward lush, green forests. But actually, oceans aren’t just bodies of water; they’re veritable oxygen factories, as well.

Oceans being home to vast marine plants, are responsible for nearly 50%-85% of the Earth’s oxygen production through the process of photosynthesis. 

The credit for this oxygen production goes primarily to microscopic plants called phytoplankton. Like their land-based counterparts, phytoplankton photosynthesizes using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose for energy and oxygen as a byproduct.

Fact:

A single type of phytoplankton, called Prochlorococcus, is so abundant that it produces an estimated 20% of the oxygen in our atmosphere.

Also Read: Why is Photosynthesis Important? (17 Sustaining Reasons)]

Act as a Carbon Sink

Our modern lives heavily rely on fossil fuels, producing excess carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas contributing to global warming. Here, too, oceans come to our rescue, acting as a significant carbon sink. A “carbon sink” refers to any system that absorbs more carbon than it releases, thus helping mitigate climate change’s effects.

With the vastness of the ocean, it absorbs roughly one-fourth of human-produced carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. As carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in seawater, it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), thus reducing the amount of CO2 in our atmosphere. 

Regulation of Climate and Weather

From the heatwaves in the summer to the chilling winters, the oceans are instrumental in regulating our climate and weather. How, you ask? Water has a high heat capacity, which allows the oceans to store and transport heat from the warmer to the cooler parts of the Earth.

Ocean currents act as a global conveyor belt, moving warm water and precipitation from the equator toward the poles and transporting cold water back to the tropics. This circulation moderates the climate and plays a role in influencing weather patterns. 

Trivia: 

Did you know that an El Niño event, caused by changing ocean temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, can affect weather patterns thousands of miles away, leading to flooding or droughts in different parts of the world?

The Ocean’s Rich Biodiversity

Source of Unique Species and Habitats

The oceans are cradles of evolution, home to an astounding variety of species. Shimmering schools of fish, magnificent coral reefs, elusive deep-sea creatures, agile marine mammals, and microscopic plankton—the list is endless.

Each marine species is uniquely adapted to survive in its specific habitat, be it the vibrant shallows or the forbidding depths. Some examples are:

• Anglerfish, deep-sea creatures with a bioluminescent lure for attracting prey.
• Giant tube worms, which thrive near hydrothermal vents.
• Sea angels, tiny swimming sea slugs.

Moreover, the oceans provide diverse habitats that support these unique species, such as coral reefs, underwater forests of kelp, and deep-sea volcanic ecosystems. These habitats are essential for the survival of their inhabitants, such as the clownfish, which depend on their symbiotic relationship with anemones in coral reefs.

Importance of Marine Life to the Food Chain

Marine biodiversity holds the key to the world’s primary food chains. The prodigious productivity of phytoplankton sets the stage for life in the ocean. 

Through photosynthesis, these minuscule powerhouses convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into the food that fuels the marine food web. Every aquatic creature depends on this process, from the smallest shrimp to the largest whale.

Moreover, as ocean currents flow, they transport nutrients from deep waters to the surface, which supports primary production by phytoplankton. This, in turn, allows higher-level consumers such as fish, marine mammals, and seabirds to thrive.

Importance of Oceans for Human Livelihoods

Seafood as a Source of Nutrition

Oceans are a food basket brimming with nutritious treasures. The vast array of marine life that resides within these depths caters to the dietary needs of billions worldwide. From the succulent salmon of the northern seas to the shrimp and crabs of warmer waters, the oceans’ bounty is bountiful and diverse.

Seafood supplies around 3.3 billion people, with almost 20% of their animal protein intake. It’s a vital source of essential micronutrients like iodine, zinc, and particularly omega-3 fatty acids, which are crucial for brain development and heart health.

Moreover, seafood is a healthier alternative to other meat sources, given its lower levels of saturated fat. So next time you enjoy a piece of grilled cod or sushi roll, know that the oceans are providing you with a meal that’s not just delicious but also brimming with health benefits.

Role in Trade and Transport

Oceans also serve as the world’s busiest highways. These vast bodies of water give way to the trade and transport industry, as they provide the most efficient means of moving goods between countries. 

Approximately 80% of global trade by volume and over 70% by value is carried on board ships and handled by seaports worldwide. Without these vast aquatic corridors, our world would be significantly smaller, and economies far less integrated.

Major shipping routes include the North Atlantic, Asia-Europe, and trans-Pacific routes. Meanwhile, the Panama Canal and the Suez Canal are man-made waterways that facilitate maritime trade.

Contribution to Tourism Industry

The oceans’ dazzling beauty and diversity make them prime tourism hotspots. The tourism industry thrives on the allure of sandy beaches, vibrant coral reefs, and the fascinating marine life these waters host.

Tourism provides a crucial income source for many coastal communities, supporting local businesses from beachfront cafes to diving schools. In 2019, the United Nations World Tourism Organization reported that coastal tourism was the largest marine-related tourism sector and was growing rapidly.

[Also Read: Why Is Tourism Important? (26 Reasons to Explore)]

Oceans and their Cultural and Recreational Significance

Spiritual and Historical Importance

Cultures across the globe hold sacred beliefs about the sea, considering it a divine entity capable of giving and taking life. It has been associated with various gods and goddesses. 

• In Greek mythology, Poseidon is the god of the sea.
• In Hinduism, Varuna is the deity presiding over water. 
• In ancient Polynesian societies, the ocean was seen as the pathway to the afterlife, and navigators were highly revered.

In addition, oceans have also been the stage for significant historical events. As centers for exploration and transportation, oceans enabled the intermixing of cultures and the spread of different ideas, practices, and innovations. The development of maritime trade led to the rise and fall of many empires, which shaped the world as we know it.

Source of Recreation and Inspiration

Oceans have long served as a source of recreation and inspiration for many people around the world. Surfing, diving, snorkeling, sailing, and beachcombing are just a few of the many activities that individuals can engage in to relax, unwind, and appreciate the beauty of the marine environment.

The calming effect of the sea, the rhythmic sound of the waves, and the stunning views of the horizon inspire creative minds. Many renowned works of art, music, and literature have been born from the inspiration drawn from the sea, showcasing its immeasurable influence in the realm of creativity.

“The fishermen know that the sea is dangerous and the storm terrible, but they have never found these dangers sufficient reason for remaining ashore.”

– Vincent Van Gogh

The Role of Oceans in Science and Exploration

Frontier for Research and Discovery

The oceanic environment presents a variety of unique and exciting research opportunities. These include everything from studying the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems to exploring uncharted depths and discovering new species of marine life.

Marine biologists, oceanographers, climatologists, and countless other researchers traverse these waters, unlocking new insights with each expedition. The data collected from these endeavors contribute significantly to our understanding of Earth’s climate, weather patterns, and biodiversity, to name just a few.

Perhaps what’s most intriguing is the sheer vastness of unexplored territories of the ocean. Despite centuries of exploration, we have only mapped about 5% of the ocean floor, and an estimated 95% of the world’s oceans remain unexplored. This vast uncharted terrain offers immense potential for future exploration and discovery, expanding our understanding of life on Earth and potentially beyond.

Potential for Medical and Technological Innovations

The ocean harbors a wealth of potential applications in medicine and technology. Its vast biodiversity offers opportunities for new medicines, biotechnological innovations, and sustainable materials.

Beyond medical applications, the oceans also provide opportunities for technological advancements. Scientists and engineers study the designs of marine organisms to inspire and innovate. This field, known as biomimicry, has led to breakthroughs like sharkskin-inspired swimsuits and squid-inspired camouflage materials.

Importance of Oceans for the Global Economy

Ocean-based Industries and Economic Development

Oceans support various industries and contribute significantly to economic development. Some of the major ocean-based industries include:

• Fisheries and aquaculture
• Offshore oil and gas exploration
• Marine biotechnology
• Coastal and marine tourism

Fishing and aquaculture are pivotal to the economic health of many countries, particularly those in the Asia-Pacific region. This industry alone employs more than 59 million people worldwide and serves as a primary source of protein for billions of individuals.

On the other hand, coastal tourism and recreation are the lifeblood of many regions, especially island nations. From the sun-kissed beaches of the Caribbean to the exotic diving spots in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, these unique ocean assets draw in millions of tourists each year, propelling local economies.

Beyond its surface, the ocean is rich in oil, gas, and minerals. Offshore oil and gas extraction constitutes a significant sector of the global economy, and the emerging deep-sea mining industry holds substantial potential for future economic growth.

Role in Global Trade and Commerce

Oceans serve as the backbone of global trade and commerce as they facilitate global commerce, connecting countries and continents. Trade routes crisscross the oceans, carrying goods and resources from one corner of the globe to another.

Moreover, ports serve as the nerve centers of this global trade network. Ports like Shanghai, Singapore, and Rotterdam are not only gateways for goods but also significant employment generators and contributors to their respective country’s GDP.

In addition to the physical trade, the ocean plays an important role in the data economy. Submarine cables laid on the ocean floor carry almost all international data, connecting people across continents, enabling global businesses, and sustaining the digital era.

Clearly, oceans are dynamic engines of economic growth and development. However, this productivity is vulnerable to various threats, including overfishing, pollution, and climate change. 

As we continue to appreciate and depend on the ocean’s economic bounty, we must also strengthen our commitment to protect these precious resources. After all, a healthy ocean means a healthy economy.

Importance of Oceans in Sustaining Future Generations

Oceans as a Source of Renewable Energy

As the demand for sustainable energy resources grows, our oceans’ untapped potential becomes increasingly apparent. Ocean energy sources, including tidal, wave, and thermal energy, are renewable, abundant, and hold minimal environmental impact.

• Tidal Energy: Ocean tides, caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and sun, create strong currents that can be harnessed to generate electricity. Tidal energy systems are more predictable in comparison to solar and wind power sources.

• Wave Energy: Winds blowing over the open ocean generate waves, which hold kinetic energy. Wave energy converters can transform this energy into electricity.

• Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): OTEC systems generate electricity using the temperature difference between warm surface water and cold deep water.

Investing in ocean-based renewable energy can decrease dependency on fossil fuels, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and help secure a sustainable energy future.

Preservation of Biodiversity for Future Use

Preserving this biodiversity ensures a wealth of resources for future generations. The ocean’s organisms could lead to breakthroughs in medicine, biotechnology, and even climate change mitigation. Furthermore, they provide a rich source of food that could feed billions, thereby addressing one of the future’s most pressing concerns—food security.

Efforts to preserve marine biodiversity include:

• Establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) to conserve habitats and species.
• Implementing sustainable fishing practices to prevent overexploitation.
• Combatting pollution, particularly plastic waste, to reduce its harmful impacts on marine life.

Future Challenges and Opportunities for Oceans

Ocean Acidification

One of the most alarming challenges facing our oceans is acidification. This process, driven by the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, lowers the pH of seawater, threatening marine life, especially creatures with calcium carbonate shells like coral and certain plankton species. 

The reality of ocean acidification sends a clear message: the time to act is now. 

Some solutions to combat ocean acidification include reducing CO2 emissions, protecting seagrass beds, and researching to find ways to make marine organisms more resilient.

Plastic Pollution

Equally pressing is the scourge of plastic pollution. 

Our oceans are inundated with a staggering quantity of plastic—millions of tons every year. These plastics, often non-biodegradable, endanger marine life and the unique ecosystems underwater and can even find their way back into our food chain. 

To counteract this issue, we must emphasize waste reduction, recycling, and clean-up initiatives. Moreover, supporting innovative solutions like biodegradable plastics and technologies to harvest plastic waste could pave the way to healthier oceans.

Overfishing

Overfishing is yet another significant challenge. The insatiable demand for seafood, combined with advancements in fishing technology, has led to an alarming depletion of many fish populations. 

If left unchecked, overfishing could trigger an ecosystem collapse. However, we can still turn the tide and ensure sustainable fisheries for future generations through responsible fishing practices, regulation, and public awareness.

More sustainable fishing methods, such as improved fishery management and implementing stricter regulations, can promote the recovery of fish stocks. Consumers can also play a role by choosing seafood from sustainable sources and supporting policies aimed at reducing overfishing.

Frequently Asked Questions

Takeaways

Oceans, the lifeblood of our planet, plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the overall health of Earth and its inhabitants. Not just a vast expanse of water, they regulate global climate, house unique ecosystems, and support the livelihoods of millions.

• Climate regulation: Oceans serve as Earth’s thermostat, balancing global climate by absorbing and redistributing heat.
• Biodiversity: Housing a multitude of species, oceans uphold healthy ecosystems and important food webs.
• Economic impact: Oceans bolster many human economic activities, from fishing to tourism.
• Oxygen production: Producing about half of the world’s oxygen through phytoplankton, oceans are crucial for our survival.

However, our oceans face threats such as:

• Overfishing: Draining fish stocks could cause marine ecosystem collapse.

• Plastic pollution: Accumulated plastic waste damages marine species and pollutes the water with toxic chemicals.

• Ocean acidification: Excessive CO2 emissions lead to ocean acidification, harming marine species and biodiversity.

These threats can result in dire ecological and economic impacts, including biodiversity loss, increased natural disasters, and decreased global food resources.

To safeguard oceans, we must:

• Support sustainable practices: Encourage responsible fishing, waste reduction, and clean energy.

• Engage in policy: Advocate for effective ocean protection laws at all levels.

• Educate others: Spread awareness about ocean threats, their effects, and proactive measures.